Hokkaido, Japan

Photo of a mountain across the water.

Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan, has been of interest to archaeologists and anthropologists for over a hundred years. In 1901, Hiram M. Hiller Jr. traveled to the island on behalf of the Penn Museum to collect a representative sample of artifacts from the Ainu culture. His trip lasted just over a month and stretched from the coastal villages near Shiraoi to a circuit around the Uchiura Bay (then known as Volcano Bay). The expedition produced over 250 artifacts as well as three journals of notes and numerous lantern slides, providing the Penn Museum with one of the best-documented Ainu collections in the US. Hiller also collected a small sample of pottery from the ancient Jomon culture which dates as far as back 12,000 BCE. This cord-impressed pottery is some of the oldest known in the world.